Receptor | Target cells | Stage of development (not comprehensive) in cancer vaccine | |
---|---|---|---|
“stepping on the gas” | |||
Pam3CSK4 | TLR2 | DC, M$, lymphocytes | Preclinical |
Poly-ICLC | TLR3 | cDC, M$, epithelial cells | Several clinical trials for different cancers. |
MPLA | TLR4 | cDC, M$, epithelial cells, fibroblasts | Clinical trial phase 2 |
Imiquimod | TLR7/8 | pDC, B cells, M$, monocytes | Clinically approved for treating basal cell carcinoma. Multiple clinical trials in combination with vaccine for different cancers. |
CpG | TLR9 | pDc, B cells | Multiple clinical trials |
IL-2 | IL-2Ra/p/y | T, B and NK cells | Clinically approved for treating renal carcinoma and melanoma. Multiple clinical trials in combination with vaccine for different cancers. |
GM-CSF | GM-CSFR | many | Multiple clinical trials in combination with vaccine and checkpoint blockades for different cancers. |
IFNs | IFNR | many | Multiple clinical trials |
CDNs | STING | many | Preclinical |
“releasing the brake” | |||
a-PD1 Ab | PD-1 | T, B and NK cells | Clinically approved for different cancers. |
a-CTLA4 Ab | CTLA-4 | T cells | Clinically approved for melanoma, under multiple clinical trials for different cancers. |