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Volume 3 Supplement 2

30th Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2015)

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Phase I-II study of ADXS31-142 alone and in combination with pembrolizumab in patients with previously treated metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC): the KEYNOTE-046 trial

Background

Activation of tumor antigen-specific T-cell responses and bypass/neutralization of tumor immune tolerance mechanisms are essential for immunotherapeutic efficacy. Listeria monocytogenes (Lm)-listeriolysin O (LLO) immunotherapies have shown to both generate antigen-specific T-cell responses and neutralize cells that protect the tumor microenvironment. ADXS31-142 is a live attenuated Lm-LLO immunotherapy designed to target the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and bioengineered to secrete an antigen-adjuvant fusion protein, consisting of a truncated fragment of the LLO fused to human PSA. Programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) is a cell surface protein receptor central to T-cell immunity inhibition. Pembrolizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to the PD-1 receptor, blocking interaction with PD-1 ligands and thereby inhibiting tumor immune evasion mechanisms. The combination of an Lm-LLO immunotherapy with an anti-PD-1 antibody has shown synergistic antitumor activity in preclinical studies.

Methods

This is a Phase I-II, open-label, multicenter, nonrandomized, 2-part study (NCT02325557) in patients with mCRPC. Part A is a dose escalation of monotherapy ADXS31-142, followed by Part B, a dose escalation of ADXS31-142 plus pembrolizumab; Part B is followed by a dose-expansion cohort. Primary objectives are to evaluate the safety and tolerability of ADXS31-142 alone and in combination with pembrolizumab, and establish the ADXS31-142 recommended Phase II dose (RP2D) for monotherapy and combination therapy. Secondary objectives include evaluation of antitumor activity and progression-free survival. Male patients (≥18 years) with progressive mCRPC (≤3 prior systemic treatment regimens), on androgen deprivation therapy, and with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0–1 are eligible. Each dose-determining part will enroll up to 21 patients. ADXS31-142 and pembrolizumab (200 mg) are administered once every 3 weeks in a 12-week treatment cycle, with ADXS31-142 administration limited to weeks 1, 4, and 7. ADXS31-142 dose-escalations (up to a maximum of 1×1010 colony-forming units [CFU]) and de-escalations are done according to predefined dose-limiting toxicity criteria by applying the modified toxicity probability interval design. In Part A, the starting ADXS31-142 dose is 1×109 CFU, and in Part B is either 1 level below the RP2D established for monotherapy or 1×109 CFU, if this was the maximum tolerated dose for monotherapy. Once the ADXS31-142 RP2D for combination with pembrolizumab is determined, the expansion cohort will open for enrollment. A total of 30 patients are planned for treatment at the RP2D. The study is currently open and patient accrual is in progress.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02325557.

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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Haas, N.B., Stein, M.N., Tutrone, R. et al. Phase I-II study of ADXS31-142 alone and in combination with pembrolizumab in patients with previously treated metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC): the KEYNOTE-046 trial. j. immunotherapy cancer 3 (Suppl 2), P153 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1186/2051-1426-3-S2-P153

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2051-1426-3-S2-P153

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