30th Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2015)
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Anti-EGFR mAb cetuximab therapy increases T cell receptor (TCR) diversity in the peripheral blood and focuses TCR richness in the tumor microenvironment
Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer volume 3, Article number: P73 (2015)
Introduction
T cell receptor (TCR) recognition of tumor antigen is essential for effective antitumor immunity. The immune system`s ability to respond to a broad spectrum of antigens requires a sophisticated selection of various TCR. So far, little is known about the role of TCR richness and clonality in the immune response to the EGFR-specific mAb, cetuximab. Therefore, we investigated differences in TCR sequences between HPV+ and HPV- patients, as well as differences in sequence characteristics between T cells of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). Additionally, we were able to investigate the TCR richness and clonality in samples pre- and post-treatment in a clinical single agent cetuximab trial.
Material and methods
TCR genotyping was performed and quantified by Adaptive Technologies, Inc (Seattle, WA). Richness (S) was defined as total number of unique productive sequences. The Shannon Index is defined as H=-log∑pi(1-pi), pi is the proportion of sequence i relative to the total sequences. The clonality is defined as 1-H/log(S). The maximum available number of samples from the same patient was 4, containing pre- and post-treatment PBMC and pre- and post-treatment TIL. Paired comparisons (pre vs. post) were done using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests. Comparisons between two independent groups (i.e. HPV+ vs. HPV-, or responders vs. non-responders) were accomplished with Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests.
Results
Using a cohort of neoadjuvant, single-agent cetuximab treated HNSCC patients, 56 samples were analyzed for global TCR diversity. HPV+ and HPV- patients did not significantly differ in clonality and richness pre- and post-treatment in either PBMC or TIL. However, cetuximab therapy significantly increased the richness of unique sequences in PBMC (p=0.0002). Most importantly, the responder group had a higher increase of richness post-treatment in PBMC. The difference reached a p-value of 0.03 post-treatment. On the contrary, this increase was not observed in TIL, which appeared to be more focused after cetuximab therapy.
Discussion
TCR clonality and richness for PBMC and TIL seem to be independent from the patient's HPV status in HNSCC. Intriguingly, an increase in richness of TCR sequences in the periphery (PBMC) but a focusing in TIL was associated with an improved treatment response, suggesting an influence of peripheral quantity on intratumoral TCR quality.
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
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Kansy, B.A., Lin, Y., Ding, F. et al. Anti-EGFR mAb cetuximab therapy increases T cell receptor (TCR) diversity in the peripheral blood and focuses TCR richness in the tumor microenvironment. j. immunotherapy cancer 3 (Suppl 2), P73 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1186/2051-1426-3-S2-P73
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2051-1426-3-S2-P73
Keywords
- Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell
- Cetuximab
- Tumor Infiltrate Lymphocyte
- Cetuximab Therapy
- Adaptive Technology