From bench to bedside a comprehensive review of pancreatic cancer immunotherapy

Table 1 Cellular Microenvironment of Pancreatic Cancer

Cell	Role in pancreatic cancer	Relationship to outcome	Reference
NK	deactivated	↑tumor stage and ↓survival	[11–13]
CD8+ T-Cell	deactivated	↑tumor stage and ↓survival	[5, 8, 13]
CD4+ Th1-Cell	↓	↑tumor stage and ↓survival	[12–14]
TAM (M1)	↓	↑tumor stage	[4, 12–14]
DC	deactivated	↑survival	[8, 13, 17, 18]
MDSC	↑	↓survival	[5, 12, 16, 24]
Mast Cell	↑	↑metastases	[9, 13]
T-regs	↑	↓survival	[4, 5, 12, 22, 23]
TAM (M2)	↑	↑stage and ↓survival	[4, 12–14]
Fibroblast	↑	↑stage and ↓survival	[12, 13, 25, 27]
CD4 + Th2 Cell	↑	↑stage and ↓ survival	[5, 9, 12–14, 16, 25]

↑ increase, ↓ decrease, DC dendritic cell, MDSC myeloid derived suppressor cell, NK natural killer cell, TAM tumor associated macrophage