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Fig. 1 | Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer

Fig. 1

From: How do I steer this thing? Using dendritic cell targeted vaccination to more effectively guide the antitumor immune response with combination immunotherapy

Fig. 1

Vaccination using aDEC-205/HER2 combined with adjuvant poly (I:C) induces dendritic cell maturation and costimulatory molecule expression, thereby resulting in more efficient antigen presentation to CD8 T cells. Activation of CD8 T cells via the T cell receptor (TCR) and OX40 using an OX40 agonist induces robust CTL activation, while CTLA-4 blockade releases the brakes on the activated CTL. Effector CD8 T cells can now traffic into the tumor, where they accumulate and induce cancer cell death using cytolytic granule proteins. T cell activation and cancer cell death leads to increased cytokine (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2) and chemokine (CCL3/MIP-1α; CCL4/MIP-1β; CCL5/RANTES) production leading to additional recruitment of effector T cells. OX40 agonism and CTLA-4 blockade also lead to CD4 T cell activation and expansion. Together, this robust T cell response results in tumor eradication and improved long-term survival

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