Fig. 2

Role of homeostatic repopulation through cytokines and cytokine responses. a Patient serum collected prior to treatment (pre) and at the end of treatment (post) were tested for cytokine levels by multiplex assay. Individual patients are gray, the mean is black. b-d PBMC collected prior to treatment and at the end of treatment were treated with a range of cytokines for and analyzed for i) pSTAT1, ii) pSTAT3 or iii) pSTAT5 expression by intracellular flow cytometry. Surface staining of these mixed populations identified pSTAT activation in (b) CD4+ T cells, (c) CD8+ T cells or (d) CD14+ monocytes. Individual patient’s pre and post treatment values are connected. Graphs show change in pSTAT MFI over control (vehicle alone) stimulated cells. Colors highlight STATs that respond to a particular stimulation in each cell type. Key: NS – not significant. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01