Genetic risk analysis of a patient with fulminant autoimmune type 1 diabetes mellitus secondary to combination ipilimumab and nivolumab immunotherapy

Table 1 Reported cases of immunotherapy-associated T1D

Study	No. of patients	Patients	Age/Sex	Past medical history	Checkpoint inhibitor therapy	Positive serologies	Genetics	Comments
Gaudy et al.	1	1	44/F	None	Pembrolizumab	Unavailable	Unavailable
Martin Liberal et al.	1	1	54/F	Mild asthma	Ipilimumab and pembrolizumab	GAD65 70.1 U/mL	DRB104, DQB10302 (HLA A2 DRA DQ8)
Hughes et al.	5	1	55/F	Autoimmune thyroid disease	Nivolumab	None	A2.1, DR4	Patient had previously progressed through ipilimumab
		2	83/F	Remote smoker	Nivolumab	GAD65 1.2 U/mL	A2.1, DR4
		3	63/M	Hypertension	Nivolumab	GAD65 1.1 U/mL, ICA5 1.2 U/mL, IAA 47 U/mL	A2.1, DR4
		4	58/M	Type 2 diabetes mellitus	Nivolumab	GAD65 13819 U/mL	A2.1
		5	64/F	Autoimmune thyroid disease, psoriasis	Pembrolizumab	None	DR4
Okamoto et al.	1	1	55/F	Dyslipidemia, gastric ucler	Nivolumab	None	DRB104:05, DQB104:01 (DR4)
Miyoshi et al.	1	1	66/F	None	Nivolumab	None	DRB111:01 13:02:01, DQB103:01:01 06:04:01
Brahmer et al.	1	1	unavailable	Unavailable	BMS-936559 anti-PDL1 antibody	Unavailable	Unavailable
Hoffmann et al.	3	1	70/F	None	Nivolumab	None	Unavailable	Patient had previously progressed through ipilimumab
		2	78/F	Type 2 diabetes mellitus	Nivolumab	GAD positive	Unavailable
		3	58/F	None	Pembrolizumab	GAD, IAA positive	Unavailable

Diabetic autoantibodies referenced include GAD65, ICA5, and insulin (IAA). Normal GAD65 titers < 0.5 U/ml, ICA5 < 1.0 U/ml, IAA < 5.0 U/ml