Fig. 2
From: Unfolding anti-tumor immunity: ER stress responses sculpt tolerogenic myeloid cells in cancer
The severity of ER stress and the levels of ROS in cancer cells can determine the outcome of immune responses within the tumor milieu. Intense ER stress responses induced by chemo- or radiotherapy increase ROS in cancer cells to levels that can promote immunogenic cell death (ICD), thus enhancing anti-tumor immunity. Moderate but sustained ER stress responses in cancer cells support tolerogenic and immunosuppressive functions in tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells, a process that cripples anti-cancer immunity