Radiotherapy and MVA-MUC1-IL-2 vaccine act synergistically for inducing specific immunity to MUC-1 tumor antigen

Table 1 Histological scoring of immune cell infiltrates in tumors treated with radiation and vaccine

	Control	Radiation	Rad + Vaccine	Vaccine + Rad
F4/80⁺ cells	+	+	+++	++++
CD45⁺ cells	+	++	++++	++++
CD4⁺T_H cells	±	++	+++	++++
CD8⁺ CTL cells	+	++	++++	++++

Tumors were either treated with the sequence of radiation followed by vaccine (Rad + Vaccine) or vaccine followed by radiation (Vaccine + Rad) as shown in Fig. 2a. The extent of inflammatory infiltration in treated tumors, which is presented in Figs. 3 and 4, was scaled from mild (±), moderate (+), strong (+ +), very strong (+ + +), to heavy (+ + + +) for immune cell markers including F4/80+ macrophages, CD45+ leukocytes, CD4+ TH cells and CD8+ CTL