Fluorine-19 MRI for detection and quantification of immune cell therapy for cancer

Chapelin, Fanny; Capitini, Christian M; Ahrens, Eric T

doi:10.1186/s40425-018-0416-9

Table 1 Overview of ¹⁹F MRI applications in cell therapy for cancer. SC = subcutaneously, LN = lymph node, CNS = central nervous system, * = clinical trial

From: Fluorine-19 MRI for detection and quantification of immune cell therapy for cancer

Cell type	Recipient species	model	Tracer agent	Therapy delivery route	Imaging post-transfer (day)	Key findings	Reference
T-cell therapy
Primary BALB/c mouse T-cells	BALB/c mouse	N/A	BODIPy-TR PFPE	Intraperitoneal	2	T cell homing to the abdominal LN	[22]
Human CAR T against EGFRvIII	SCID mouse	glioblastoma SC	CS-1000 ATM	Intravenously	2, 7, 14	CAR T cell homing to the tumors and spleen, reduced tumor growth	[40]
DO11.10 mouse T cells	BALB/c mouse	chicken ova SC	PFPE/PFPE –Alexa657	Intraperitoneal	4, 7, 11, 21	T cell homing to the draining inguinal LN and persistence over 3 weeks	[35]
Naïve T cells, OT-1 T cells	C57BL/6 mouse	melanoma expressing ova	CS-1000 ATM	Intravenously	1	No signal found in the tumor, but found in the chest (lungs), abdomen (liver), and left flank (spleen)	[41]
Pmel-1 cytotoxic T cells	C57BL/6 mouse	CNS glioma	PCE	Intravenously	3, 5, 7, 12	Significant pO2 increase in Pmel-1 treated mice at day 5 compared to controls	[71]
NK cell therapy
Human NK cells	NSG mouse	neuroblastoma SC	CS-1000 ATM	Subcutaneously or intratumorally	1, 3, 7/8, 10, 15	NK cell detection and persistence at injection sites, no evidence of migration	[37]
Human NK cells	NSG mouse	meduloblastoma CNS	CS-ATM DM Green	Intratumorally	0	In vivo visualization of NK cells after transfer	[36]
DC vaccines
Mouse bone marrow-derived DC	C57BL/6 mouse	N/A	PCE	Intradermally in the limb	1	Migration of antigen-loaded DC from the footpad to the draining lymph node	[32]
In situ DC labeling	C57BL/6 mouse	CNS glioma	Rhodamine-PCE	Intravenously	1	Migration if In situ labeled DC to CNS tumors, reduced tumor growth	[59]
Mouse bone marrow-derived DC	C57BL/6 mouse	N/A	Rhodamine-PCE	Intradermally in the limb	0	Migration of Erk−/− DC to the draining popliteal lymph node	[59]
Autologous human DC vaccine*	Human	Metastatic colorectal cancer	CS-1000 (PFPE)	Intradermally in quadriceps	0, 1	Succesful first-in-man detection of DC vaccine in patients	[14]
PBMCs
Human PBMC	Nude mouse, ham shank	N/A	CS-1000 ATM	Intradermally and Intramuscularly	0, 2	Clinical protocol implementation for detection of PBMC in skin and muscle at 1.2 cm depth	[61]

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