Fig. 1

High CSF-1R expression is associated with an immunosuppressive TME. 24 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human PDAC specimens obtained after surgical resection of the tumor two weeks after one neoadjuvant intradermal administration of GVAX alone or in combination with immune modulatory doses of cyclophosphamide were analyzed using multiplex immunohistochemistry. The median cell density of CSF-1R expression was used as the cut off between high CSF-1R expression (higher than 14.5 cells/mm2) and low CSF-1R expression (lower than 14.5 cell/mm2), and the effect the level of CSF-1R expression had on the PDAC-infiltrating immune cells was analyzed. a Heat map of the z-score of CSF-1R positive cell density (x-axis, cells/mm2) of various tumor infiltrating immune cells (rows, with lymphoid cells in the upper rows and myeloid cells in the lower rows). b Lymphoid to myeloid cell and (c) CD8+ to CD68+ cell density ratio (cells/mm2 to cells/mm2) within lymphoid aggregates with low versus high CSF-1R expression. d Myelomonocytic cell, (e) immature dendritic cell and (f) mature dendritic cell density within lymphoid aggregates with low versus high CSF-1R expression. Lymphoid cells were CD45+ and CD3+ or CD20+ or CD56+, and myeloid markers were CD45+ and CD3-CD20-CD56-. Myelomonocytic cells were defined as CD45 + CD3-CD20-CD56-CD66b-Tryptase-CD68 + CSF1R-. Immature DCs were defined as CD45 + CD3-CD20-CD56-CD66b-Tryptase-MHC class II + DC-SIGN+CD83-, and mature DCs were defined as CD45 + CD3-CD20-CD56-CD66b-Tryptase-MHC class II + CD83+. The error bars represent mean with standard deviation. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; NS, non-significant