Cost-effectiveness of nivolumab plus ipilimumab as first-line therapy in advanced renal-cell carcinoma

Table 2 Cost (US $) estimates (expected value [range])

Parameters	United States	United Kingdom	China
Price of sunitinib per 50 mg	601.9 (301–601.9)^# [28]	145.7 (72.87–145.7) ^# [35]	275.2 (137.6–275.2) ^# [21]
Price of ipilimumab per 50 mg	7324 (3662 – 7324) ^# [28]	4875 (2438 – 4875) ^# [26]	4655 (2328–7324)^{a #}
Price of nivolumab per 100 mg	2670 (1335 – 2670) ^{# 31}	1426 (713.1–1426) ^# [26]	1362 (680.9–1362) ^#
Cost of follow-up and monitoring per cycle	422 (348.1–495.8) [30]	75.78 (48.32–103.2) [35]	6.13 (4.9–8.58) [21]
Cost of second-line active treatment per patient	27,936 (26,429 – 29,443) [32]	15,012 (14,793 – 15,231) [35]	21,081 (11,927 – 26,628) [21]
Cost of BSC per cycle	1213 (987–1438) [31]	88.23 (70.53–105.9) [35]	52.53 (49.1–69.21) [39]
Cost of terminal care per patient	10,713 (8570 – 12,856) [24, 32]	10,366 (8566 – 12,849) [19]	1893 (1564–2346) [45]
Cost of managing AEs (grade ≥ 3) per event
Fatigue	139 (1.06–2018) [32,33,34]	483.6 (0–967.2) [38]	110.3 (82.72–137.9) [21]
Hypertension	201.9 (1.08–6533) [32–34]	27.3 (0–54.6) [38]	12.35 (9.26–15.44) [21]
Anemia	4638 (3326 – 5949) [32–34]	3242 (3097 – 3388) [38]	508.2 (381.2–635.3) [21]
Palmar–plantar erythrodysesthesia	118.8 (3.43–1748) [32–34]	131.3 (98.48–164.1) [19]	15.21 (8.85–21.57) [40]
Thrombocytopenia	4014 (1716 – 9391) [34]	4927 (4764 – 5091) [38]	3395 (2546 – 4244) [21]
Cost of drug administration per unit	292 (219–365) [16]	405.3 (304–506.7) [26]	17.65 (13.24–22.06) [21]

^aThe prices were assumed by multiplying the price of ipilimumab in UK and the ratio of the price of nivolumab between UK and China
# The ranges were assumed