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Table 2 Association between biomarkers at baseline, clinical covariates and overall survival for metastatic melanoma patients

From: Non-invasive biomarkers derived from the extracellular matrix associate with response to immune checkpoint blockade (anti-CTLA-4) in metastatic melanoma patients

Variable

HR

95%Cl

p-value

PRO-C3

Continuous

1.03

1.02–1.05

0.0004

5.0–19.2 ng/ml, Q1-Q3

1.00

 Univariate

19.6–113.3 ng/ml, Q4

2.13

1.12–4.04

0.021

5.0–19.2 ng/ml, Q1-Q3*

1.00

 Multivariate

19.6–113.3 ng/ml, Q4*

2.04

1.00–4.16

0.049

C1M

Continuous

1.01

1.00–1.01

0.005

20–46.6 ng/ml, Q1-Q3

1.00

 Univariate

56.7–313.1 ng/ml, Q4

1.70

0.85–3.38

0.131

20–46.6 ng/ml, Q1-Q3*

1.00

 Multivariate

56.7–313.1 ng/ml, Q4*

1.17

0.54–2.51

0.693

C3M

Continuous

1.03

1.00–1.07

0.037

4.7–23.4, Q1-Q3

1.00

 Univariate

23.6–68.8, Q4

1.60

0.82–3.13

0.167

4.7–23.4, Q1-Q3*

1.00

 Multivariate

23.6–68.8, Q4*

1.06

0.48–2.33

0.886

C4M

Continuous

1.04

1.01–1.08

0.026

11.9–34.7 ng/ml, Q1-Q3

1.00

 Univariate

35.1–73.9 ng/ml, Q4

2.43

1.26–4.70

0.008

11.9–34.7 ng/ml, Q1-Q3*

1.00

 Multivariate

35.1–73.9 ng/ml, Q4*

2.18

1.01–4.70

0.046

VICM

Continuous

0.99

0.95–1.02

0.413

1.0–9.1 ng/ml, Q1-Q2

1.00

 Univariate

9.1–41.3 ng/ml, Q3-Q4

0.54

0.29–0.99

0.044

1.0–9.1 ng/ml, Q1-Q2*

1.00

 Multivariate

9.1–41.3 ng/ml, Q3-Q4*

0.49

0.26–0.92

0.026

Age at baseline

 

1.02

0.99–1.04

0.254

LDH at sampling

Continuous

1.00

1.00–1.00

0.009

(> = 250 IU/L)

2.02

0.99–4.12

0.052

Prior systemic therapy

 

1.32

0.73–2.40

0.363

  1. Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated by univariate and multivariate analysis (indicated by stars). By the univariate analysis, biomarkers were analyzed on both a continuous scale and divided into quartiles with the lower quartiles (Q1-Q3) or (Q1-Q2) used as a reference to calculate the HR for patients in the upper quartiles (Q4) or (Q3-Q4). All covariates were analyzed on a continuous scale and LDH was furthermore analyzed on a binominal scale. By the multivariate analysis, the individual biomarkers were adjusted for the covariates age, LDH and prior systemic treatment. LDH Lactate dehydrogenase