Table 1 Description of cases and controls
From: Influenza vaccination and myocarditis among patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors
Myocarditis (n = 101) | Controls (n = 201) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age at start of ICI, yrs | 67 ± 18 | 64 ± 14 | 0.15 |
Male | 73 (72) | 129 (64) | 0.16 |
CV risk factors | |||
Current or prior smoking | 40 (47) | 110 (58) | 0.10 |
Hypertension | 59 (60) | 115 (61) | 0.88 |
Diabetes mellitus | 22 (23) | 29 (15) | 0.09 |
No CV risk factors | 23 (23) | 40 (20) | 0.56 |
Coronary artery disease | 12 (13) | 24 (13) | 0.86 |
Stroke | 7 (8) | 22 (12) | 0.32 |
Heart failure | 5 (6) | 13 (7) | 0.69 |
COPD | 12 (14) | 25 (13) | 0.87 |
Obstructive sleep apnea | 6 (7) | 11 (6) | 0.70 |
Chronic kidney diseasea | 9 (11) | 31 (16) | 0.22 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28 ± 7 | 26 ± 6 | 0.01 |
Primary cancer type | |||
Head and neck | 5 (5) | 14 (7) | 0.50 |
Hodgkin’s lymphoma | 2 (2) | 2 (1) | 0.60 |
Melanoma | 44 (44) | 100 (50) | 0.31 |
Lung cancer | 17 (17) | 35 (17) | 1.00 |
Pancreatic | 2 (2) | 0 | 0.11 |
Renal cell carcinoma | 6 (6) | 3 (1) | 0.07 |
Glioblastoma | 2 (2) | 2 (1) | 0.60 |
Other | 23 (23) | 20 (10) | 0.005 |
Prior chemotherapy or radiation | |||
Radiation | 29 (29) | 108 (54) | < 0.001 |
Anthracyclines | 6 (6) | 3 (1) | 0.07 |
Cyclophosphamide | 2 (2) | 2 (1) | 0.60 |
Gemcitabine | 5 (5) | 8 (4) | 0.77 |
Taxanes | 6 (6) | 32 (16) | 0.01 |
Carboplatin | 8 (8) | 60 (30) | < 0.001 |
VEGF Inhibitors | 1 (1) | 7 (3) | 0.28 |
Pre-ICI home CV medications | |||
Statin | 32 (37) | 45 (24) | 0.02 |
Aspirin | 23 (26) | 42 (22) | 0.43 |
Beta-blockers | 24 (28) | 55 (29) | 0.84 |
ACE inhibitors or ARB | 26 (30) | 38 (20) | 0.07 |
Calcium-channel blocker | 8 (9) | 33 (17) | 0.08 |
Rate of influenza vaccination | |||
6 months: | |||
6 months prior to ICI or on ICI | 25 (25) | 80 (40) | 0.01 |
Time of vaccination prior to ICI, days | 88 [25, 120] | 79 [43, 170] | 0.53 |
3 months: | |||
3 months prior to ICI or on ICI | 17 (17) | 69 (34) | 0.002 |
Time of vaccination prior to ICI, days | 31 [6,85] | 44 [13,58] | 0.88 |
On ICI therapy only: | |||
On ICI | 8 (8) | 34 (17) | 0.04 |