Checkpoint inhibitor therapy for cancer in solid organ transplantation recipients: an institutional experience and a systematic review of the literature

Table 3 Allograft Rejection and Tumor Response Rates According to the Immunosuppressive Regimen Used at Initiation of Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy

Immunosuppression at initiation of checkpoint inhibitor therapy	Allograft rejection, no./reported cases (%)	Tumor response^a, no./reported cases (%)
All patients^b	15/38 (40)	15/32^c [47]
Single-agent immunosuppressive therapy
Prednisone (≤10 mg/day)	7/9 (78)	5/8 (63)
mTOR inhibitors	2/3 (67)	1/2 (50)
Calcineurin inhibitors	1/9 (11)	2/8 (25)
Combination immunosuppressive therapy	5/17 (29)	7/14 (50)

^aDisease remission or stabilization
^bOne patient stopped anti-rejection medication prior to initiation of ipilimumab + nivolumab combination therapy. This patient had allograft rejection after therapy initiation but re-initiated therapy after a 1-week delay and was able to complete induction therapy, achieving partial tumor response
^cIn six patients, the tumor response to checkpoint inhibitor therapy was not evaluated