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Table 3 Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis features and immune-related adverse events reported in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors

From: Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: analysis of WHO global database of individual case safety reports

Clinical features of HLH

Patients No. (%) a

(n = 38)

Pyrexia

2 (5)

Pulmonary involvement

 Cough

1 (3)

Neurological involvement

 Encephalopathy

1 (3)

 Headache

1 (3)

Psychiatric changes

 Delirium

1 (3)

Cutaneous involvement

 Generalised erythema

1 (3)

 Drug eruption

1 (3)

Gastrointestinal involvement

 Enterocolitis

1 (3)

 Diarrhoea

2 (5)

Renal involvement

 Renal failure

1 (3)

 Renal tubular necrosis

1 (3)

Haematological and coagulation features of HLH

 Anaemia

1 (3)

 Thrombocytopenia

2 (5)

 Leukopenia/ White blood cell count decreased

2 (5)

 Neutrophil count decreased

1 (3)

 Disseminated intravascular coagulation

3 (8)

 International normalised ratio abnormal

1 (3)

 Pancytopenia/ Bone marrow failure

2 (5)

Concurrent irAEs

 Autoimmune hepatitis

2 (5)

 Interstitial lung disease

2 (5)

 Myositis

1 (3)

 Thyroiditis

1 (3)

 Cardiacb

1 (3)

  1. Abbreviations: HLH haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, irAEs immune-related adverse events
  2. a Some patients reported more than one adverse drug reaction besides HLH
  3. b Atrial fibrillation and left ventricular failure
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