Table 1 Examples of virally associated neoplasms reported in HIV-infected individuals, response to checkpoint blockade and mechanisms of action as well as mechanisms of action
Cancer | Virus | Immunotherapy | Response Rate (n/total n) (X%) | Common Side Effects |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Anal Cancer | Human Papilloma Virus | Nivolumab | 1/2; 50% [2] | Anemia, fatigue, rash, hypothyroidism |
Burkitt’s lymphoma | Epstein Barr Virus | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
Central nervous system lymphoma | Epstein Barr Virus | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
Cervical Cancer | Human Papilloma Virus | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
Hodgkin disease | Epstein Barr Virus | Nivolumab | 1/1; 100% [3] | Not reported |
Kaposi Sarcoma | Human Herpes Virus-8 | Nivolumab or pembrolizumab | 6/9; 67% [4] | Fatigue, gastrointestinal discomfort, pruritis, onycholysis |
Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus multicentric Castleman disease | Human Herpes Virus-8 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
Merkel Cell Carcinoma | Merkel Cell Polyomavirus | pembrolizumab or avelumab | Pneumonitis | |
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma | Epstein Barr Virus | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
Penile Cancer | Human Papilloma Virus | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
Plasmablastic lymphoma | Epstein Barr Virus | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
Primary effusion lymphoma | Human Herpes Virus-8 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
Vulvar Cancer | Human Papilloma Virus | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |