Opportunities and challenges of active immunotherapy in dogs with B-cell lymphoma: a 5-year experience in two veterinary oncology centers

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of 222 dogs with B-cell lymphoma treated with chemotherapy alone or with chemo-immunotherapy and stratified according to histotype

Variable	DLBCL (n = 148)			MZL (n = 49)			Follicular lymphoma (n = 25)
Variable	CH (n = 47)	CH-IT (n = 101)	P	CH (n = 24)	CH-IT (n = 25)	P	CH (n = 6)	CH-IT (n = 19)	P
Sex			0.522			0.484			0.175
Male	25	48		12	15		4	6
Female	22	53		12	10		2	13
Median age (range) - years	9 (3–12)	7 (3–15)	0.677	8 (3–15)	7 (3–13)	0.110	10 (6–11)	9 (7–11)	0.774
Median weight (range) - kg	31.9 (4.1–60.0)	28.8 (17–38)	0.787	20.7 (3.0–42.3)	26.0 (3.9–44.4)	0.556	29 (20–40)	20 (12–32)	0.171
PCV			0.063			0.189			0.430
normal	46	89		20	24		5	18
decreased	1	12		4	1		1	1
Platelet count			0.127			0.138			0.999
normal	34	84		18	23		5	17
decreased	13	17		6	2		1	2
LDH			0.689			0.567			0.999
normal	23	53		15	13		4	11
increased	24	48		9	12		2	8
Stage			0.310			0.999			0.999
III-IV	15	41		4	4		2	8
V	32	60		20	21		4	11
Peripheral blood infiltration			0.129			0.496			0.160
no	17	50		6	4		5	8
yes	30	51		18	21		1	11
Bone marrow infiltration			0.647			0.791			0.999
no	20	47		5	6		3	9
yes	27	54		19	19		3	10
Extranodal involvement			0.004*			0.680			0.562
no	33	90		17	19		4	16
yes	14	11		7	6		2	3
Substage			0.198			0.484			0.999
a	27	69		14	17		5	14
b	20	32		10	8		1	5
Steroids before referral			0.284			0.038*			0.540
no	37	71		15	22		6	15
yes	10	30		9	3		0	4
Rescue protocols			0.275			0.696			0.400
untreated	1	8		1	1		1	1
one RP administered	10	21		3	8		1	5
more RP administered	5	23		4	5		0	2
Toxicity			0.167			0.667			0.211
none/grades 1–2	39	85		21	23		3	15
grades 3–4	5	15		3	2		2	3
grade 5	3	1		0	0		1	1

Abbreviations: DLBCL Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, MZL marginal zone lymphoma, PCV Packed cell volume, LDH Lactate dehydrogenase, CH Chemotherapy, CH-IT Chemo-immunotherapy, RP Rescue protocol
*Significant