Fig. 4From: Tumor-targeted IL-12 combined with tumor resection yields a survival-favorable immune profilettIL-12 increased CD8+ T cell infiltration and decreased MDSC and Treg infiltration into lung metastatic nodules. a,b Mice bearing LM8 tumors were treated with empty plasmid DNA (pCtrl), wild-type IL-12 plasmid DNA (pwtIL-12), or tumor-targeted IL-12 plasmid DNA (pttIL-12). At the end of the treatment period, their lungs were removed and subjected to flow cytometry to determine percentages of (a) CD8+CD45+ cells (CD8+ T cells) and (b) CD11b+Gr1+ cells (myeloid-derived suppressor cells [MDSCs]) in metastatic nodules, and absolute numbers of CD8+ T cells and MDSCs were calculated from the flow cytometry data. c Sections of paraffin-embedded lungs from LM8 tumor–bearing mice were labeled with FOXP3, and absolute numbers of FOXP3+ cells in metastases were determined by microscopy. Representative images are shown. Scale bars, 25 μm. Pooled data from two independent experiments with n = 3 mice per treatment group. Means ± standard error of the mean are shown. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001Back to article page