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Table 1 Characteristics of the patients, according to early use of antibiotics (EUA) and citrulline rates at baseline

From: Role of antibiotic use, plasma citrulline and blood microbiome in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with nivolumab

 

All (n = 72)

No EUA (n = 42)

EUA (n = 30)

p-value

High citrulline (n = 25)

Low citrulline (n = 10)

p-value

Age (median, IQR)

68.8 (62.7–73.7)

69.0 (63.4–73.4)

67.8 (58.4–73.7)

0.479

69.3 (63.5–72.7)

63.6 (56.5–67.1)

0.07

Sex

 male

45 (62)

26 (62%)

19 (63%)

0.902

16 (64%)

5 (50%)

0.445

 female

27 (38)

16 (38%)

11 (37%)

 

9 (36%)

5 (50%)

 

Smoking status

 current

29 (40)

20 (48%)

9 (30%)

0.062

11 (44%)

3 (30%)

0.534

 former

34 (47)

15 (35%)

19 (63%)

 

12 (48%)

5 (50%)

 

 never

9 (13)

7 (17%)

2 (7%)

 

2 (8%)

2 (20%)

 

Histological type

 adenocarcinoma

45 (63)

27 (64%)

18 (60%)

0.592

19 (76%)

4 (40%)

0.019

 squamous carcinoma

14 (19)

9 (22%)

5 (17%)

 

5 (20%)

2 (20%)

 

 other

13 (18)

6 (14%)

7 (23%)

 

1 (4%)

4 (40%)

 

Mutational status

 KRAS

26 (36)

12 (29%)

14 (47%)

0.292

10 (40%)

3 (30%)

0.394

 EGFR

2 (3)

1 (2%)

1 (3%)

 

1 (4%)

1 (10%)

 

 BRAF

3 (4)

1 (2%)

2 (7%)

 

1 (4%)

2 (20%)

 

 None or rare mutation

41 (57)

28 (67%)

13 (43%)

 

13 (52%)

4 (40%)

 

Albumin

   

0.889

  

0.104

  < 30 g/l

12 (17)

7 (17)

5 (17)

 

2 (8)

3 (30)

 

  ≥ 30 g/l

57 (79)

32 (76)

25 (83)

 

22 (88)

7 (70)

 

 unknown

3 (4)

3 (7)

0 (0)

 

1 (4)

0 (0)

 

Hemoglobin (median, IQR)

11.6 (10.0–12.7)

12.1 (11.3–13.0

10.5 (9.5–11.8)

0.006

12.3 (11.3–13.4)

9.9 (8.7–11.2)

0.006

Metastatic sites

 brain

8 (11%)

5 (12%)

3 (10%)

0.800

6 (24%)

0

0.089

 liver

10 (14%)

5 (12%)

5 (17%)

0.565

2 (8%)

2 (20%)

0.313

  ≥ 3 sites

16 (22%)

7 (17%)

9 (30%)

0.180

3 (12%)

2 (20%)

0.541

Stage

 IIIB

10 (14)

5 (12%)

1 (3%)

0.195

3 (12%)

2 (20%)

0.541

 IV

62 (86)

37 (88%)

29 (97%)

 

22 (88%)

8 (80%)

 

Performance status

 0–1

45/71 (63)

27/41 (66%)

18 (60%)

0.216

22 (88%)

3 (30%)

0.001

 2

26/71 (37)

14/41 (34%)

12 (40%)

 

3 (12%)

7 (70%)

 

Number of lines before nivolumab

 1

62 (86%)

37 (88%)

26 (87%)

0.587

22 (88%)

9 (90%)

0.867

  > 2

10 (14)

5 (12%)

4 (13%)

 

3 (12%)

1 (10%)

 

PD-L1 IHC

  < 1%

8 (11)

6 (14)

2 (7)

0.072

6 (24)

2 (20)

0.900

  ≥ 1%

15 (21)

5 (12)

10 (33)

 

11 (44)

4 (40)

 

 unknown

49 (68)

31 (74)

18 (60)

 

8 (32)

4 (40)

 
  1. EUA early use of antibiotics. Variables expressed as n (%) unless otherwise specified. High citrulline: ≥20 μM; low citrulline: < 20 μM. P-values calculated by Mann-Whitney test or Chi2 test