Fig. 3

Validation of signatures for predicting survival and potential therapeutic use of PD-L2. a Time-dependent ROC curves and AUCs for 2 signatures predicting survival in the training set and the validation set. The red solid line and blue dashed line represent the immune marker-based model and the clinical parameter-based model in the training set, with AUCs of 0.631 (95% CI: 0.447–0.826) and 0.549 (95% CI: 0.323–0.829; P < 0.001), respectively. The purple solid line and gray dashed line represent the immune marker-based model and the clinical parameter-based model in the validation set, with AUCs of 0.654 (95% CI: 0.406–0.944) and 0.644 (95% CI: 0.476–0.829; P < 0.001), respectively. b Signatures in C2 were determined using PD-L2 expression by GSEA. c Four gene sets with enrichment scores greater than 0.60 and false discovery rates less than 0.25 were chosen for the leading edge analysis. TGF-β2 is the most overlapping gene among the leading edge genes. d The paired Jaccard index is above 0.02, indicating that most of the paired subsets have coincident parts. e Stratification of TGF-β2 expression in PDAC cells (scale bar: 20 μm). f Log-rank test results showing associations between OS and TGF-β2 in PDAC. g PD-L2 and its relationship with other immune molecules