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Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the study population (n = 826)

From: Impact of antibiotic therapy on the development and response to treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitor-mediated diarrhea and colitis

Characteristic

n (%)

Median age, years (IQR)

62 (52–70)

Male sex

524 (63.4)

Non-Hispanic white

704 (85.2)

Comorbidities

408 (49.4)

Smoking

390 (47.2)

Cancer type

 Melanoma

347 (42.0)

 Solid tumor

363 (43.9)

 Hematologic

116 (14.0)

Cancer stage (n = 709)

 III

85 (12.0)

 IV

624 (88.0)

ICI type

 Anti-CTLA-4

264 (32.0)

 Anti-PD-1/L1

426 (51.6)

 Combination

136 (16.5)

Median duration of ICI therapy, days (IQR)

56 (22–116)

IMDC

434 (52.5)

Median time to IMDC onset, weeks (IQR)

8 (4–15)

Median duration of IMDC symptoms, days (IQR)

9 (3–20)

Grade of colitis (n = 319)

 1

74 (23.2)

 2

150 (47.0)

 3

84 (26.3)

 4

11 (3.4)

Grade of diarrhea (n = 434)

 1

129 (29.7)

 2

120 (27.6)

 3

164 (37.8)

 4

21 (4.8)

Treatment of IMDC (n = 434)

 Immunosuppressants

276 (63.6)

 Symptomatic only

158 (36.4)

Infliximab and/or vedolizumab add-on

83 (10.0)

Antibiotic therapy

 No

257 (31.1)

 Yes

569 (68.9)

  Before ICI therapy only

186 (32.7)

  After ICI therapy and before IMDC onset

84 (14.8)

  Both

299 (52.5)

 Use of antibiotics with antianaerobic activity

288 (50.6)

Recurrence of IMDC

83 (10.0)

Colon perforation

7 (1.0)

Nongastrointestinal irAEs

312 (37.8)