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Fig. 2 | Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer

Fig. 2

From: Biomaterial-based platforms for in situ dendritic cell programming and their use in antitumor immunotherapy

Fig. 2

Fabrication and imaging of irradiated tumor cell-loaded cryogel sponge vaccines. a Preparation of an alginate-derived active vaccine containing viable irradiated B16-F10 cells for the treatment of melanoma in syngeneic C57BL/6 mice. CpG ODN (TLR9-based immune adjuvant) and GM-CSF (cytokine adjuvant)-loaded RGD-containing alginate cryogels were prepared by a cryogelation process at subzero temperature. The gels were subsequently seeded with irradiated B16-F10 melanoma cells (depicted as round-shaped cells) and incubated for 6 h (depicted as square-shaped spread cells) before animal vaccination via subcutaneous injection. b SEM showing homogeneous macroporous microstructure throughout the square-shaped sponge-like gel construct. c SEM cross-sectional image of an alginate cryogel showing the interconnected macroporous network. d 2D confocal micrograph displaying immobilization of irradiated B16-F10 cells on a typical RGD-containing cryogel after 6 h culture. Actin filaments in cells were visualized by staining with Alexa Fluor 488-phalloidin (green), cell nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue), and polymer walls were stained with polylysine-labeled rhodamine (red). e 3D reconstructed confocal fluorescence micrograph of irradiated B16-F10 cells in cryogel, depicting cell adhesion, spreading and elongation after 6 h culture. Reproduced with permission from Springer Nature, reference [71] https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms8556 Copyright 2015

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