Fig. 5

Spatial and temporal dynamics of immune checkpoint (IC) molecule expression on T_reg during cancer progression. a Schedule for establishing the TC-1 lung adenocarcinoma model and tumor formation at each time point. b Representative plots showing CD25 and Foxp3 expression in CD4⁺ T cells (left) and changes at different time points after TC-1 TM tumor cell injection (right). c Representative plots of T_reg (left) and summary of the proportion of Foxp3⁺ cells among CD4⁺ T cells (right) in peripheral blood (PB), spleen (SP), and lung (LG). d Levels of PD-1, TIM-3, TIGIT, and CTLA-4 expression on Foxp3⁺CD4⁺ T_reg in PB, SP, and LG. e Levels of PD-1, TIM-3, TIGIT, and CTLA-4 expression on T_reg and T_conv in different tissues (PB, SP, and LG). f Changes in the levels of PD-1, TIM-3, TIGIT, and CTLA-4 expression on T_reg at different time points. Data are representative of three independent experiments (n = 5 mice per group in each experiment). ns, not significant; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 (Student’s t-test)