Fig. 1

(a) Prediction-corrected visual predictive check, (b) goodness of fit diagnostic plots, (c) Eta distributions, and (d) random effect correlations to covariates. Prediction-corrected visual predictive check (a): the gray solid and dashed lines represent the observed median and the 10th and 90th percentiles, respectively, while the two shades of blue represent overlap between the empirical 95% prediction intervals. Goodness of fit diagnostic plots (b): the gray solid line indicates fitted values from a nonparametric smoother. Dashed lines indicate the line of unity (top plots), or zero lines and boundary lines for conditional weighted residuals (bottom). Eta distributions (c): the blue solid line represents a density curve. Random effect correlations to covariates (d): for continuous covariates, the blue solid line represents fitted values from a nonparametric smoother. The dashed line indicates the zero line, the box-plot indicates the median and interquartile range (25th to 75th percentile), the whiskers indicate 1.5 times the interquartile range. Abbreviations: ADA anti-drug antibody, CL clearance, V1 volume of the central compartment, V2 volume of the peripheral compartment