Fig. 2

In vitro and in vivo migration assays with sarcosine treated Murine BM-DCs. a Sarcosine treated-DCs tested in trans-well in vitro migration analysis revealed that DCs had increased migration with CCL19/21 alone (mean 24.45%) or sarcosine alone (mean 22.05%) compared to control group (mean 6.150%). When DCs were treated with sarcosine and chemokines migration was further enhanced (mean 45.70%, p <0.0001, one-way ANOVA). Murine BM-DCs collected from 10 mice for each group and experiment was repeated five times. b Migrated DCs to draining LN evaluated by flow cytometry after 48 hours post injection. The mean percent migration was 9.457% for control and 25.30% for sarcosine treated DCs (p < 0.0411, unpaired t test) (n=4). c Migrated-PKH labeled DCs from LN evaluated by immunofluorescent microscopy after 48 hours. Mean was 94.33 cells for control and 271.0 cells for sarcosine treated DCs (p < 0.0030, unpaired t test) (n=3). d Migrated-PKH dye labeled DCs from spleen evaluated by immunofluorescent microscopy after 48 hours. Mean was 128.0 cells for control and 328.5 cells for sarcosine treated DCs (p < 0.0378, unpaired t test) (n=4). e Immunofluorescent microscopy observation from draining lymph node 48 hours post vaccination. f Immunofluorescent microscopy observation from spleen 48 hours post vaccination. Purple=B220, Red=PKH labeled DCs. White dotted lines were used to indicate the margin between white pulp from red pulp. LN=lymph node; BM-DCs=bone marrow derived dendritic cells; DCs=dendritic cells