Soluble immune checkpoint-related proteins as predictors of tumor recurrence, survival, and T cell phenotypes in clear cell renal cell carcinoma patients

Table 2 Soluble immune checkpoint proteins and association with clinical outcomes of ccRCC patients

Protein names	Advanced disease		Recurrence		Survival
High vs low^a	Adjusted OR (95%CI)^b	P value	Adjusted HR (95%CI)^c	P value	Adjusted HR (95%CI)^c	P value
sTIM3	1 (reference)		1 (reference)		1 (reference)
sTIM3	2.61 (1.07–6.40)	0.04	1.65 (0.61–4.40)	0.32	3.12 (1.44–6.75)	3.94E-03^#
sCD27	1 (reference)		1 (reference)		1 (reference)
sCD27	0.62 (0.34–1.16)	0.14	1.44 (0.68–3.03)	0.34	2.80 (1.17–6.67)	0.02
sCD28	1 (reference)		1 (reference)		1 (reference)
sCD28	0.45 (0.18–1.16)	0.10	2.30 (0.96–5.51)	0.06	2.71 (1.13–6.47)	0.02
sCTLA4	1 (reference)		1 (reference)		1 (reference)
sCTLA4	1.75 (0.91–3.40)	0.10	2.13 (1.06–4.28)	0.03	1.12 (0.51–2.44)	0.78
sIDO	1 (reference)		1 (reference)		1 (reference)
sIDO	1.25 (0.62–2.54)	0.54	0.48 (0.19–1.23)	0.13	0.49 (0.06–3.99)	0.51
sLAG3	1 (reference)		1 (reference)		1 (reference)
sLAG3	3.36 (1.55–7.27)	2.13E-03^#	1.38 (0.32–6.00)	0.66	2.21 (0.95–5.15)	0.07
sBTLA	1 (reference)		1 (reference)		1 (reference)
sBTLA	0.66 (0.33–1.33)	0.25	0.61 (0.30–1.27)	0.19	6.02 (2.00–18.1)	1.39E-03^#
sPDL1	1 (reference)		1 (reference)		1 (reference)
sPDL1	4.59 (0.91–23.3)	0.07	1.51 (0.89–2.56)	0.12	1.57 (0.70–3.49)	0.27
sPDL2	1 (reference)		1 (reference)		1 (reference)
sPDL2	0.53 (0.18–1.57)	0.25	2.51 (1.46–4.34)	9.33E-04^#	2.39 (0.97–5.88)	0.06

Abbreviations: OR Odds ratio, HR Hazard ratio, CI Confidence interval. Significant values in bold font
^aHigh- and low-level groups dichotomized by the logistic regression spline model [12]
^bAdjusted by age, gender, smoking, BMI, diabetes, and hypertension
^cAdjusted by age, gender, smoking, BMI, diabetes, hypertension, histology, grade, stage and treatment
# Significant after Bonferroni adjustment for multiple testing