Fig. 1

Clinical course of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related acute interstitial nephritis, response to therapy, and timing of PET-CT scans. The patient tolerated 2 cycles of combined ipilimumab and nivolumab followed by 7 cycles of nivolumab monotherapy with stable renal function. After the seventh cycle of nivolumab, an AKI rapidly developed reaching a peak of 4.84 mg/dL. After failing to improve with IV hydration, she was treated with methylprednisolone 500 mg IV daily for 3 days (arrows) followed by a prednisone taper, with rapid improvement in creatinine. Due to progression of disease and AIN, immunotherapy was discontinued indefinitely, and she began therapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel. Notably throughout the course, 4 PET-CT scans were performed, including two prior to the patient’s AKI, one during the AKI, and one following recovery of renal function. Abbreviations: PET-CT Positron emission tomography – computed tomography, AKI acute kidney injury, AIN acute interstitial nephritis