Table 1 Characteristics of patients with paraneoplastic syndromes selected for analysis after central review. Patients were included in two observational cohorts, defined as follows: cohort 1 comprised patients with a PNS diagnosed before the initiation of immunotherapy, and cohort 2 comprised patients with a PNS diagnosed after the initiation of immunotherapy
Patient characteristics | Cohort 1 (pre-existing PNS) n = 16 patients | Cohort 2 (newly diagnosed PNS) n = 16 patients | Total n = 32 patients (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, in years, median (range) | 64 (48–86) | 68 (45–88) | 64 (45–88) |
Sex ratio (male/female) | 4.3 | 0.5 | 1.8 |
Tumor type, n patients (%) | |||
- NSCLC | 10 | 5 | 15 (47) |
- Melanoma | 1 | 5 | 6 (19) |
- Renal carcinoma | 1 | 2 | 3 (9) |
- Merkel carcinoma | 1 | 1 | 2 (6) |
- Neuroendocrine carcinoma | 1 | 0 | 1 (3) |
- Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma | 1 | 0 | 1 (3) |
- HNSCC | 1 | 0 | 1 (3) |
- Esthesioneuroblastoma | 0 | 1 | 1 (3) |
- Mesothelioma | 0 | 1 | 1 (3) |
- Breast cancer | 0 | 1 | 1 (3) |
Number of prior courses of systemic cancer treatment, median (range) | 1.0 (0–2) | 0.5 (0–5) | 1.0 (0–5) |
Immunotherapy received, n (%) | |||
- Anti-PD-1 | 14 (88) | 14 (88) | 28 (88) |
- Nivolumab | 9 | 9 | 18 |
- Pembrolizumab | 5 | 5 | 10 |
- Anti-PDL-1 | 2 (12) | 1 (6) | 3 (9) |
- Avelumab | 1 | 1 | 2 |
- Durvalumab | 1 | 0 | 1 |
- Combination immunotherapy | |||
- Nivolumab + ipilimumab | 0 | 1 (6) | 1 (3) |
Best overall antitumor response during immunotherapy, n (%)a | |||
- Objective response | 9 (56) | 6 (38) | 15 (47) |
- CR | 2 (12) | 1 (6) | 3 (9) |
- PR | 7 (44) | 5 (31) | 12 (38) |
- SD | 3 (19) | 8 (50) | 11 (34) |
- PD | 4 (25) | 2 (13) | 6 (19) |
Immune-related adverse events other than PNSs (all severity grades), n (%)b | 4 (25) | 6 (38) | 10 (31) |
- Dysthyroidism | 1 | 1 | 2 (6) |
- Vitiligo | 0 | 2 | 2 (6) |
- Hepatitis | 0 | 1 | 1 (3) |
- Oligo-arthritis | 1 | 0 | 1 (3) |
- Myocarditis | 1 | 0 | 1 (3) |
- Rash | 1 | 0 | 1 (3) |
- Pneumonitis | 0 | 1 | 1 (3) |
- Fever | 0 | 1 | 1 (3) |
Length of follow-up after immunotherapy initiation, median (range), months | 7.9 (0.9;17.7) | 10.5 (4;17.4) | 9.6 (0.9;17.7) |