Angiogenesis and immune checkpoint inhibitors as therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma: current knowledge and future research directions

Table 4 Summary of ongoing clinical trials of immune therapies in patients with hepatocellulars carcinoma (HCC)

Type of immunotherapy	Molecules	NCT number	Phase	Population	Estimated enrollment	Recruitment status
Anti-PD-1	Pembrolizumab	NCT03062358	III	Advanced HCC, pre-treated	450	Recruiting
	Nivolumab	NCT02576509	III	Advanced HCC, naive	1720	Active, not recruiting
		NCT03383458	III	Resected HCC	530	Recruiting
Combinations
Anti-PD-1 + Anti CTLA-4	Durvalumab + tremelimumab	NCT03298451	III	Advanced HCC, naive	1310	Recruiting
	Nivolumab + ipilumumab	NCT03510871	II	Eligible for curative surgery	40	Not yet recruiting
		NCT03222076	II	Resected HCC	45	Recruiting
Angiogenesis and ICI	Nivolumab + bevacizumab	NCT03382886	I	Advanced HCC, pre-treated	12	Active, not recruiting
	Nivolumab + lenvatinib	NCT03418922	I	Advanced HCC, pre-treated and naive	30	Active, not recruiting
	Pembrolizumab + lenvatinib	NCT03713593	III	Advanced HCC, naive	750	Recruiting
Transarterial chemoembolization and ICI	Nivolumab	NCT03572582	II	Intermediate stage HCC	49	Recruiting
	Durvalumab + tremelimumab	NCT03638141	II	Intermediate stage HCC	30	Recruiting
Y90-Radioembolization and Anti-PD-1	Nivolumab	NCT03033446	II	Advanced HCC	40	Recruiting

CTLA-4 Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4; ICI immune checkpoint inhibitors; PD-1 programmed cell death-1; PD-L1 Programmed death-ligand 1