Fig. 3

Cell death in cancer cells is associated with CRT exposure at the cell surface and HMGB1 and ATP release. a and b Quantification of flow cytometry analysis of CRT exposure at the cell surface of Sytox Green negative cells. GL261 (a) and MCA205 (b) cells were recovered after 1.5 h and 3 h of treatment with either PDT-PS or PDT-PD or left untreated (live). As a positive control, cells were stimulated for 24 h with the ICD inducer, MTX (2 μM). Calreticulin exposure values represent the mean values ± SEM from three independent experiments (each experiment was done in a duplicate). Statistical significance was calculated by using Mann Whitney non-parametric test, *p < 0.05. c GL261 and MCA205 cells were recovered for 24 h after PDT-PS or PDT-PD treatment or left untreated (live) and HMGB1 was measured in the supernatants. Cell death was analyzed by an MTT assay, is presented in Additional file 2: Figure S2C. HMGB1 values represent the mean values of four independent experiments. Statistical significance was calculated by Mann Whitney non-parametric test, *p < 0.01. d GL261 and MCA205 cells were recovered for 24 h after PDT-PS or PDT-PD treatment or left untreated (live) and ATP was measured in the supernatants. ATP values represent fold increase relative to untreated cells and the mean values of eight independent experiments. Statistical significance was calculated by using Mann Whitney non-parametric test, * p < 0.006