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Case Reports

Section edited by Alfred Zippelius, MD

Reports on unusual or unexpected clinical cases that expand the field of general medical knowledge. Includes information on an unexpected association between diseases or symptoms, an unexpected event in the course of observing or treating a patient, findings that shed new light on the possible pathogenesis of the disease or an adverse effect, unique or rare features of the disease, and/or a unique therapeutic approach.

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  1. Content type: Case report

    Novel approaches with checkpoint inhibitors in immunotherapy continue to be essential in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the low rate of primary response and the development of ac...

    Authors: Lucas C. Adam, Junaid Raja, Johannes M. Ludwig, Adebowale Adeniran, Scott N. Gettinger and Hyun S. Kim

    Citation: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2018 6:147

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  2. Content type: Case report

    Currently, there is no established standard of care for patients with metastatic CSCC. Based on the mechanisms of CSCC carcinogenesis has been postulated that these tumors may be amenable to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade.

    Authors: Leandro J. C. Oliveira, Aline B. L. Gongora, Felipe G. Barbosa, Carlos H. dos Anjos and Rodrigo R. Munhoz

    Citation: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2018 6:130

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  3. Content type: Case report

    Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors has radically changed the management of a broad spectrum of tumors. In contrast, only very limited information is available about the efficacy of these therapies...

    Authors: Francesco Sabbatino, Antonio Marra, Luigi Liguori, Giosuè Scognamiglio, Celeste Fusciello, Gerardo Botti, Soldano Ferrone and Stefano Pepe

    Citation: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2018 6:126

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  4. Content type: Case report

    MMR-D pancreatic cancer have been reported to respond to checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Here, we report the first case of acquired resistance to immunotherapy in MMR-D pancreatic cancer.

    Authors: Zishuo Ian Hu, Matthew D. Hellmann, Jedd D. Wolchok, Monika Vyas, Jinru Shia, Zsofia K. Stadler, Luis A. Diaz Jr and Eileen M. O’Reilly

    Citation: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2018 6:127

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  5. Content type: Case report

    Immune-directed therapies have become front-line therapy for melanoma and are transforming the management of advanced disease. In refractory cases, multi-modal immunoncology (IO) approaches are being utilized,...

    Authors: David M. Miller, Ryan M. Trowbridge, Anupam Desai and Reed E. Drews

    Citation: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2018 6:122

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  8. Content type: Case report

    The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors is increasing in cancer therapy today. It is critical that treatment teams become familiar with the organ systems potentially impacted by immune-related adverse events a...

    Authors: Kendall F. Moseley, Jarushka Naidoo, Clifton O. Bingham, Michael A. Carducci, Patrick M. Forde, Geoffrey T. Gibney, Evan J. Lipson, Ami A. Shah, William H. Sharfman and Laura C. Cappelli

    Citation: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2018 6:104

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  9. Content type: Case report

    Malignant angiomyolipoma is an uncommon tumor of the class of perivasciular epithelioid cell neoplasms (PEComas). These tumors are characteristically driven by deleterious mutations in the tumor suppressors TSC1 ...

    Authors: Michael Lattanzi, Fang-Ming Deng, Luis A. Chiriboga, Alisa N. Femia, Shane A. Meehan, Gopa Iyer, Martin H. Voss, Yuliya Sundatova, William C. Huang and Arjun V. Balar

    Citation: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2018 6:97

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  10. Content type: Case report

    Chondrosarcoma is one of the most common malignant bone tumors in adults. Conventional chondrosarcoma represents around 85% of all chondrosarcomas and is notoriously difficult to treat with chemotherapy.

    Authors: Michael J. Wagner, Robert W. Ricciotti, Jose Mantilla, Elizabeth T. Loggers, Seth M. Pollack and Lee D. Cranmer

    Citation: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2018 6:94

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  11. Content type: Case report

    The development of a new lesion in a patient with a complete remission to anti-PD-1 therapy is highly concerning for a drug resistant escape lesion. Here, we present a case of a 62-year-old patient with chemot...

    Authors: Johannes C. Melms, Rohit Thummalapalli, Kristin Shaw, Huihui Ye, Leo Tsai, Rupal S. Bhatt and Benjamin Izar

    Citation: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2018 6:89

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  12. Content type: Case report

    The development of pulmonary immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in patients undergoing PD-(L)1 targeted checkpoint inhibitors are rare, but may be life-threatening. While many published articles and guideli...

    Authors: Guacimara Ortega Sanchez, Kathleen Jahn, Spasenija Savic, Alfred Zippelius and Heinz Läubli

    Citation: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2018 6:85

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  13. Content type: Case report

    Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are the treatment of choice for several cancers and can be associated with remarkable clinical benefit, but can also cause serious immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Man...

    Authors: Jacob Appelbaum, David Wells, Joseph B. Hiatt, Gideon Steinbach, F. Marc Stewart, Hannah Thomas, Paul Nghiem, Raj P. Kapur, John A. Thompson and Shailender Bhatia

    Citation: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2018 6:82

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  14. Content type: Case report

    PD-1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors are associated with several adverse events including a spectrum of immune-related adverse effects (irAEs). Neurologic irAEs are uncommon occurrences with varied presentations. We des...

    Authors: Christine A. Garcia, Alex El-Ali, Tanya J. Rath, Lydia C. Contis, Vikram Gorantla, Jan Drappatz and Diwakar Davar

    Citation: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2018 6:83

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  16. Content type: Case report

    Use of anti-programmed cell death-1 (anti-PD-1) has been successful in treating many types of cancers. Despite its promising efficacy, immune-related adverse events are still a major concern. Immune-related ca...

    Authors: Chien-Yi Hsu, Yu-Wen Su and San-Chi Chen

    Citation: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2018 6:72

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  17. Content type: Case report

    Treatment of metastatic melanoma patients with immune checkpoint inhibitors is an important standard of care. Side effects are due to immune activation, can affect virtually all organ systems, and are occasion...

    Authors: Andrew Hantel, Brooke Gabster, Jason X. Cheng, Harvey Golomb and Thomas F. Gajewski

    Citation: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2018 6:73

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  18. Content type: Case report

    Immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) have shown promising results in many solid tumors. There are limited data on the safety and efficacy of these drugs in HIV infected patients as they have traditionally been ...

    Authors: Muhammad Husnain, Wungki Park, Juan Carlos Ramos, Thomas E. Johnson, Joseph Chan, Arvind Dasari, Raja Mudad and Peter J. Hosein

    Citation: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2018 6:66

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  19. Content type: Case report

    Sebaceous carcinoma is an aggressive adnexal skin tumor with a predilection for the eyelids and sebaceous glands of the head and neck.

    Authors: Evidio Domingo-Musibay, Paari Murugan, Alessio Giubellino, Sandeep Sharma, Daniel Steinberger, Jianling Yuan, Matthew A. Hunt, Emil Lou and Jeffrey S. Miller

    Citation: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2018 6:58

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  20. Content type: Case report

    The treatment options for metastatic malignant melanoma have drastically changed recently,including the increased use of immunotherapeutic agents that offer significant responses. Accordingly, it hasbecome com...

    Authors: Joseph I. Clark, Shams Bufalino, Shruti Singh and Ewa Borys

    Citation: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2018 6:53

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  21. Content type: Case report

    Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) target T cell inhibitory pathways that are responsible for cancer tolerance by down-modulating immune functions. ICI have revolutionized patients care with lung cancer. Never...

    Authors: Léa Paolini, Caroline Poli, Simon Blanchard, Thierry Urban, Anne Croué, Marie-Christine Rousselet, Sarah Le Roux, Nathalie Labarrière, Pascale Jeannin and José Hureaux

    Citation: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2018 6:52

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  23. Content type: Case report

    Patients with metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma (mMCC) who experience disease progression on immunotherapy have limited additional standard options. Given evidence of synergism between radiation therapy (RT) an...

    Authors: Melody J. Xu, Susan Wu, Adil I. Daud, Siegrid S. Yu and Sue S. Yom

    Citation: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2018 6:43

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  24. Content type: Case report

    Human papillomavirus-related small cell carcinoma of the head and neck is an extremely rare, aggressive subtype with poor outcomes. Therapeutic options are limited and are largely adopted from small cell lung ...

    Authors: Won Jin Ho, Lisa Rooper, Sarah Sagorsky and Hyunseok Kang

    Citation: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2018 6:33

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  25. Content type: Case report

    Immunotherapy, in particular checkpoint blockade, has changed the clinical landscape of metastatic melanoma. Nonetheless, the majority of patients will either be primary refractory or progress over follow up. ...

    Authors: Zoë Blake, Douglas K. Marks, Robyn D. Gartrell, Thomas Hart, Patti Horton, Simon K. Cheng, Bret Taback, Basil A. Horst and Yvonne M. Saenger

    Citation: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2018 6:25

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  26. Content type: Case report

    Immunotherapies targeting the PD-1 checkpoint pathway have recently gained regulatory approval in numerous cancer types. With the widespread use of immune checkpoint therapies, varying patterns of responses an...

    Authors: Randy F. Sweis, Yuanyuan Zha, Lomax Pass, Brian Heiss, Tara Chongsuwat, Jason J. Luke, Thomas F. Gajewski and Russell Szmulewitz

    Citation: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2018 6:24

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  27. Content type: Case report

    Immune checkpoint therapy has dramatically changed the landscape of cancer therapy, providing an efficacious and durable therapeutic option for patients with advanced-stage disease. However, dermatologic toxic...

    Authors: Michael T. Tetzlaff, Kelly C. Nelson, Adi Diab, Gregg A. Staerkel, Priyadharsini Nagarajan, Carlos A. Torres-Cabala, Beth A. Chasen, Jennifer A. Wargo, Victor G. Prieto, Rodabe N. Amaria and Jonathan L. Curry

    Citation: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2018 6:14

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  28. Content type: Case report

    Uveal melanoma accounts for 85% of the ocular melanomas and has an increased risk of hematogenous spread, most commonly to the liver. After curative intent therapy like surgery and radiation, fifty percent of ...

    Authors: Muhammad Zubair Afzal, Rodwell Mabaera and Keisuke Shirai

    Citation: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2018 6:13

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  29. Content type: Case report

    Immune check point inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as a new therapeutic paradigm for a variety of malignancies including metastatic melanoma. As the use of ICIs expand, immune-mediated adverse events are becomi...

    Authors: Amrita Padda, Elena Schiopu, Justin Sovich, Vincent Ma, Ajjai Alva and Leslie Fecher

    Citation: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2018 6:12

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  30. Content type: Case report

    Ipilimumab is an FDA-approved anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody used in treatment of metastatic melanoma. We present an unusual neurological complication of Ipilimumab therapy and the diagnostic dilemma it caused.

    Authors: Lorraine Cafuir, David Lawson, Nilesh Desai, Vita Kesner and Alfredo Voloschin

    Citation: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2018 6:11

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  31. Content type: Case report

    The assessment of tumor size by RECIST using CT scans and MRIs is considered to be standard of care for staging cancer patients. Despite radiologic evidence of widespread disease, we document for the first tim...

    Authors: Stefan Schliep, Abbas Agaimy, Alexander Cavallaro, Franklin Kiesewetter, Gerold Schuler and Lucie Heinzerling

    Citation: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2018 6:2

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  32. Content type: Case report

    Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) has been reported after immunologic manipulations, most often through therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. To our knowledge, CRS after radiation therapy (RT) for cancer has not be...

    Authors: Christopher A. Barker, Samuel K. Kim, Sadna Budhu, Konstantina Matsoukas, Anthony F. Daniyan and Sandra P. D’Angelo

    Citation: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2018 6:1

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  33. Content type: Case report

    There has been a significant improvement in survival of advanced malignancies with the advent of checkpoint inhibitors. These newer treatment modalities come with a wide spectrum of unique side effects, termed...

    Authors: Pouyan N. Changizzadeh, Shiva Kumar R. Mukkamalla and Vincent A. Armenio

    Citation: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2017 5:97

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  34. Content type: Case report

    Metastatic gastric cancer (GC) is an incurable and aggressive disease with a poor prognosis. Immunotherapy is an attractive approach for treating patients with cancer, and studies using immunotherapy have show...

    Authors: Gustavo dos Santos Fernandes, Daniel da Motta Girardi, Luiza Dib Batista Bugiato Faria, João Paulo Giacomini Bernardes and Renata de Almeida Coudry

    Citation: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2017 5:84

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  35. Content type: Case report

    Severe myocarditis associated with electrical conduction abnormalities and occasionally heart failure has been well documented following treatment with immune checkpoint blockade with an estimated incidence of...

    Authors: Timothy G. Norwood, Brian C. Westbrook, Douglas B. Johnson, Silvio H. Litovsky, Nina L. Terry, Svetlana B. McKee, Alan S. Gertler, Javid J. Moslehi and Robert M. Conry

    Citation: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2017 5:91

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  36. Content type: Case report

    Large cell neuroendocrine tumor (LCNEC) of the lung is a rare and aggressive tumor similar to small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Thus, it is often treated similarly to SCLC in the front-line setting with a platinu...

    Authors: Victoria E. Wang, Anatoly Urisman, Lee Albacker, Siraj Ali, Vincent Miller, Rahul Aggarwal and David Jablons

    Citation: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2017 5:75

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  37. Content type: Case report

    Renal medullary carcinoma is one of the rarest malignancies arising from the kidney. Despite various aggressive therapeutic regimens, mortality remains significantly high (95%) with a median overall survival o...

    Authors: Quaovi Sodji, Kandy Klein, Kavuri Sravan and Jigarkumar Parikh

    Citation: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2017 5:62

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  38. Content type: Case report

    Monoclonal antibodies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis have gained increasing attention across many solid tumors and hematologic malignancies due to their efficacy and favorable toxicity profile. With more than 1...

    Authors: Dylan J. Martini, Aly-Khan A. Lalani, Dominick Bossé, John A. Steinharter, Lauren C. Harshman, F. Stephen Hodi, Patrick A. Ott and Toni K. Choueiri

    Citation: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2017 5:66

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  39. Content type: Case report

    The anti-Programmed Death receptor 1 (anti-PD-1) antibodies nivolumab and pembrolizumab are new treatments in metastatic melanoma. Immunotherapies are best known to be responsible for thrombotic microangiopath...

    Authors: Lea Bottlaender, Anne-Laure Breton, Louis de Laforcade, Frederique Dijoud, Luc Thomas and Stephane Dalle

    Citation: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2017 5:57

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  40. Content type: Case report

    Angiosarcomas are tumors of malignant endothelial origin that have a poor prognosis with a five-year survival of less than 40%. These tumors can be found in all age groups, but are more common in older patient...

    Authors: Simran Sindhu, Lana H. Gimber, Lee Cranmer, Ali McBride and Andrew S. Kraft

    Citation: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2017 5:58

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  41. Content type: Case report

    The combination of CTLA-4 and PD-L1 inhibitors has a manageable adverse effect profile, although rare immune-related adverse events (irAE) can occur.

    Authors: Sooraj John, Scott J. Antonia, Trevor A. Rose, Robert P. Seifert, Barbara A. Centeno, Aaron S. Wagner and Ben C. Creelan

    Citation: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2017 5:54

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  42. Content type: Case report

    Spontaneous regression of metastatic melanoma and delayed responses more than one year after treatment with ipilimumab are rarely seen.

    Authors: Raphael B. Moreira, Lana Hamieh, Evisa Gjini, Ana Lako, Katherine M. Krajewski, Charles H. Yoon and Patrick A. Ott

    Citation: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2017 5:61

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  43. Content type: Case report

    The tumor microenvironment often polarizes infiltrating macrophages towards a type 2, or M2 phenotype, that is characterized by expression of various cysteine-rich, scavenger receptors, including CD163. The pr...

    Authors: Michael C. Topf, Madalina Tuluc, Larry A. Harshyne and Adam Luginbuhl

    Citation: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2017 5:60

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  44. Content type: Case report

    Stimulation of the immune system by targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway can result in activation of anti-tumor immunity. Besides its clinical benefit immune checkpoint therapy leads to significant immune-related ...

    Authors: Heinz Läubli, Jürgen Hench, Michal Stanczak, Ingmar Heijnen, Alexandros Papachristofilou, Stephan Frank, Alfred Zippelius and Frank Stenner-Liewen

    Citation: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2017 5:46

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  45. Content type: Case report

    Immunotherapy plays a key role in the treatment of metastatic melanoma. Patients with autoimmune conditions and/or on immunosuppressive therapy due to orthotropic transplants, however, are systematically exclu...

    Authors: Gustavo Schvartsman, Kristen Perez, Jill E. Flynn, Jeffrey N. Myers and Hussein Tawbi

    Citation: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2017 5:45

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  46. Content type: Case report

    We report the first case to our knowledge of a patient with relapsed/refractory classical hodgkin lymphoma and liver failure with encephalopathy along with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficienc...

    Authors: Jose D. Sandoval-Sus, Francis Mogollon-Duffo, Ankita Patel, Nathan Visweshwar, Damian A. Laber, Richard Kim and Michael V. Jagal

    Citation: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2017 5:49

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  47. Content type: Case report

    Advances in cancer immunotherapy have generated encouraging results in multiple malignancies refractory to standard chemotherapies. As the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) proliferates, the incidence ...

    Authors: James Luke Godwin, Shuchie Jaggi, Imali Sirisena, Pankaj Sharda, Ajay D. Rao, Ranee Mehra and Colleen Veloski

    Citation: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2017 5:40

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  48. Content type: Case report

    Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men and the fourth leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Although major progress has been achieved in the last years for patients with metastatic cas...

    Authors: Luc Cabel, Elika Loir, Gwenaelle Gravis, Pernelle Lavaud, Christophe Massard, Laurence Albiges, Giulia Baciarello, Yohann Loriot and Karim Fizazi

    Citation: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2017 5:31

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  49. Content type: Case report

    Myelophthisis due to melanoma is a rare phenomenon. Treatment strategies for patients with this serious complication of malignancy have not been well documented, and none have previously reported efficacy of i...

    Authors: Samuel Rosner, Filiz Sen and Michael Postow

    Citation: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2017 5:34

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  50. Content type: Case report

    CTLA-4 (Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4) was the first immune checkpoint receptor clinically targeted for use in cancer treatment. It is expressed exclusively on T-cells where its primary role is t...

    Authors: Jeanelle King, Javier de la Cruz and Jose Lutzky

    Citation: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2017 5:19

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